Petroleum-burner.



No. 774,747. PATENTED NOV. 15, 1904. T. B. FERGUSON, JR. & E. R. BRUSH.PETROLEUM BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1902. RENEWED JUNE 30. 1903. N0 MODEL.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 774,747. PATENTED NOV. 15, 1904. T. B. FERGUSON, JR. & E. R. BRUSH.

PETROLEUM BURNER. APPLIQATION FILED mm 24, 1902. RENEWED JUNE so. 1903.

N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES Patented November15, 1904;

PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS B. FERGUSON, JR., OF BROOKLYN, AND EDGAR R. BRUSH, OF NEW YORK,N. Y.; SAID BRUSH ASSIGNOR TO SAID FERGUSON, JR.

PETROLEUM-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 774,747, a ed November15, 1904.

Application filed June 24, 1902. Renewed June 30, 1903. Serial No.163,818. (No model) To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, THoMAs B. FERGUSON, J r., residing in the boroughof Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, and EDGAR R. BRUSH, residing in theborough of Manhattan, in the county of New York, city and State of NewYork, both citizens of the United States, have invented anImprovement'in Petroleum-Burners, of which the following is aspecification.

Our invention relates to an improved petroleum or hydrocarbon burner orheater adapted for use in stoves, furnaces, or ranges, and the same isan improvement upon the device shown and described in the application ofsaid Thomas B. Ferguson, filed May 25, 1901, Serial No. 61,845, and dulyallowed March 28, 1902.

The object of our invention is to confine and increase the heating ofthe hydrocarbon vapor and commingled air and to be able to intro duceand commingle therewith water to be vaporized.

In carrying out our invention the hydrocarbon fluid is vaporized by theheat of the apparatus in transit, and said vapor is delivered to beburned by means of a regulatable needlevalve, and the several parts ofthe apparatus going to make up the burner provide increased spaces andchannels or passage-ways for the vapor for the ingress of air and inwhich the same is momentarily held and raised to a high heat beforepassing to the part of the apparatus to be burned, and the associatedparts and the proportions thereof are so regulated as to produce agreatdegree of efliciency and consequent heat of the burning vapor.

The device is of comparatively simple con struction, it is easilystarted and kept going, and the supply of vapor and commingled air asWell as the supply of water to be vaporized are readily regulated andcontrolled in their proportionate relations to one another so as toproduce the desired result.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents by a vertical section and partialelevation the simpler form of our invention. Fig. 2 represents by avertical section and partial elevation the complete or preferred form ofour invention. Fig. 3 is a plan of the parts of the burner with theparts hereinafter called the upper annulus and annulus-cap removed. Fig.4 is a sectional plan at the line 00 m of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a plan andpartial section substantially below the line y ythat is, with theseparable portions removed; and Fig. 6 is a sectional plan below thelinez a of Fig. 1.

The metal base a is preferably recessed, is provided withsupporting-feet, and at opposite points is constructed with integralstandards a, the upper ends of, which are preferably of reduceddiameter. An integral casting sits upon these standards a. This castingis of circular form and comprises a mixing tube-section b at the centralportion, an interior flange 2, projecting from the tubesection, lugs bat opposite points formed as projections of the tube-section andrecessed on the under side to sit upon the upper ends of the'standardsa. This integral casting is provided with a bottom portion and withstaggered offset flanges 3 4 or edges and internally with rims 5 6, therim 5 being a substantial prolongation upon the inner surface of theflange 3 and the rim 6 raised from the bottom of the casting. These rimscreate within the casting annular channels, the one between the flange 4and the rim 5 and the other between the flange 3 and the rim 6. An inletwater-pipe 7 passes through the flange 4 and an exit water-pipe8,preferably of slightly larger area, enters the bottom 6 of the castingin the channel between the flange 3 and the rim 6, and the flange 5 ispreferably perforated-at one or more places in proximity to the exitwater-pipe 8.

We provide a tapering annular body in two parts 0 0. Each of these partsis an integral casting provided with flanges 9, by which these two parts0 c are secured together by bolts. These parts surround the tube-section6. They are provided with interior horizontal ring flanges 10 11, andthe structure is provided with supporting-feet 12, resting upon thebottom 6 of the previously described structure. This two-part taperingbody 0 c is provided with vertical ribs 13 in-pairs at opposite points,and the ring flanges 10 are notched for tie-rods hereinafter described.

We employ a grid (Z, composed of bars or plates connected by a ring, thesame being an integral casting fitting around and resting upon the outersurface .of the tapering annular body 0 0, and outside of this grid,partially covering the same and resting thereon and also within theflange 4:, is an annulus 0, having short interior flanges 14 atintervals, said flanges bearing upon the upper surface of the grid-barsand the lower edge of its flange bearing upon and within the flange 4.Another grid, f, closely resembling the grid d, but inverted in positionwith reference to the grid d, sits over and rests upon the annulus a,and an annulus g of oifset cross-section surrounds the upper portion ofand rests upon the grid f. There is therefore a circular and unbrokenedge and surface to the annulus and to the under portion of the annulusg, and said parts are preferably separated, and beween the same and thebars of the grid f there is formed an exit from within the partshereinbefore described, through which the hydrocarbon vapors andcommingled air pass to be burned.

The annulus-cap ii. of cancavo-convex form is shown in Fig. 2 in thecomplete form of our invention, for the reason that it is possible undercertain circumstances and conditions to dispense with the annulus-cap /tand to use only the structure shown in Fig. 1. With the structure shownin Fig. 1 the vaporized carbon and commingled air burn between theannulus c and the under edge of the annulus g, as well as up through thecenter of the grid f and annulus g, while in the structure Fig. 2 thereis no flame at the central portion within the annulus-cap it; but all ofthe flame is between the annulus c and the under edge of the annulus g,as will be hereinafter more particularly described.

We employ auxiliary standards 6 e", which are shown especially in Figs.1, 2, 4, and 5. The lower ends of these standards rest upon the interiorflange 2 of the tube-section band they extend up to the under surface ofthe head k, and tie-bolts 15 16 pass through the lower portions of thehead it at opposite sides, through the upper portions of these standardsM, between the lower portions of these standards and the inner surfaceof the tube-section b, and extend down through the metal base a,

the nuts of said tie-bolts bearing against the under surface of the baseit. These tie-bolts hold firmly together as a rigid structure the basea, standards a, the integral casting having as a part thereof thetube-section 7) and lugs b, the auxiliary standards it, and the head k,and the parts 0, 0, (Z, (2, f, g, and ii are all independent of saidconnected parts and fit upon and around said parts in their respectiverelations and positions.

The pipe Z comes from a source of supply of hydrocarbon to be vaporizedand connects with the pipe 722.. This pipe on extends upward through thehead A: at one side, over and around the curved upper end of the head,and down through the opposite side of the lower portion of the head 76and connects with the case a, forming the vapor-chamber, so that thebent pipe m is within the tube-section Z), the parts 0 c, and alsowithin the grids (Z f, and the annulus e, g, and it. This case orvaporchamber a is provided with a removable nipple 17, needle-valve andstem 0, screw-plug 18, a packing-gland l9, and a rod 20 for actuatingthe needle-valve and stem. This vaporchamber and the parts connectedtherewith closely resemble similar parts shown in the applicationhereinbefore referred to, except that in the present case theneedle-valve and stem 0 are of peculiar for1nthat is, the upper endwhere it passes through the removable nipple 17 is tapering. The lowerend is cylindrical and parallel-sided and is received and guided in achannel formed in the base of the case or vapor-chamber n, and there isaguide 21 in the lower portion of the removable nipple 17, receiving aparallel-sided portion of the needle-valve and stem and guiding the sametherein.

Where the rod 20 engages the needle-valve and stem the same is providedwith a slotted portion 0, and a screw passes through this slottedportion into the end of the rod 0 at one side of the center of said rod,so that when the rod is turned the screw acts to raise and lower theneedle-valve, so as to close or open the aperture in the removablenipple 17.

The central portion of the burner is open for the vapor and commingledair, and the lower portion of the burner below the lower edge of thetube-section b is also open for the circulation and free admission intothe burner of air to commingle with the vapor that escapes up into theburner through the aperture in the nipple 17.

The outer surfaces of the parts a, 4:, and 3 are cooler than the innerportion of the burner. Consequently there is a circulation of air overthe upper surfaces of the annulus 6 down within and between the same andthe grid d, the air passing through the bars of the grid and passingdown within the innersurface of the flanges 3 4, beneath the taperingannular body 0 a, and up within and between the same and thetube-section a into the center of the burner, where said air alsocomniingles with the vapor and passes up, and in the form shown in Fig.1 this combined vapor and air pass out between the bars of the grid andbeneath the edges of the annulus eand g and up through the center of thegrid f and annulus g, burning with a bright blue flame at both places,the central flame being in the form of a body of fire and the flamebetween a and g in the form of a ring of fire. The heat and presence ofthese flames keep the pipe on hot, so that the hydrocarbon fluid comingthrough the .pipe Z from a source of supply is vaporized ICC readily andpasses down into the case or vaporchamber a.

, In starting the burner it is advantageous and substantially necessaryto saturate the asbestos 22 on the surface of the recessed metal base awith some hydrocarbon fluid and to set fire thereto, so as to heat upthe lower portion of the burner, including the case or vapor-chamber andthe pipe m, to start the vaporization of the hydrocarbon fluid. The heatof the burner is increased and the character of the flame thereofaltered by the addition to the burner of water supplied by the inletwater-pipe 7 into the center of the integral casting supporting upon thestandards a. This water enters through the flange 4, is deposited in thechannel formed between the said flange and the ring 5, where the heat ofthe parts converts the water into vapor. This water is supplied inregulatable quantities, and should it be supplied faster than it can bevaporized it fills the channel between the flange 4: and the rim 5sufliciently to escape through the perforations in the rim 5 down intothe channel formed between the flange 3 and'the rim 6, where, if notvaporized, it escapes, and, in fact, all the surplus water escapes bythe exit water pipe 8. The vaporized water commingles with thedownflowing currents of air hereinbefore described and which arecontained in the inclosed and heated portions 6, b 8, 4:, e, d, and 0 0,commingling with the heated hydrocarbon vapor and air, all burningtogether in the simpler form of the invention, Fig. 1, in the centralportion of the grid f and around the grid f, between the annulus e andthe lower edge of the annulus g, or, in the complete and preferred formof the invention, between the upper edge of the annulus e and the underedge of the annulus g in the form of a ring of flame. The addition ofthe water-vapor changes the color of the flame from a blue or Bunsenflame of commingled hydrocarbon and air to a bright orange-red flame,either of the flames being substantially perfect combustion and notleaving upon any adjacent surfaces contacted therewith any soot ordeposit whatsoever. The water-vapor produced within the closed part ofthe burner increases the movement and circulation of the commingledvapors and air, and consequently the force and extent of the flame, andin asense augments the eiflcient draft of the burner, causing a hotterfire. The presence of the water and the evaporation thereof intowatervapor also have a tendency to keep the outer portions of the closedpart or chamber cooler than would otherwise be the case.

The oflice performed by the annulus-cap of concavo-convex form sittingover and upon the annulus g is believed to be peculiar in itself. Theupper edge of this annulus g is provided with notches. Consequently whenthe cap it sits thereon these notches form a series of passage-wayscommunicating within the cap from one side of the annulus g to theother, and the effect or operation of this structure is to causecurrents of air to rise within the said cap 72/, beneath the outer edgeor rim thereof, which pass through the passage-ways, between said capand the upper edge of the annulus g, and down between the inner portionof the cap hand the grid f and through the bars of the grid to comminglewith the outflowing vapor to be burned between the edges of the annulusc and the lower edge of the annulus g, and at the same time air passesdown through the central opening or aperture of the annulus-cap it tocommingle with the same vapor and not only perfecting combustion, butincreasing the size and capacity of the flame.

The case or vapor-chamber n is supported in part by its central portionresting upon the metal base a and the packing-gland 19 resting upon therim of said metal base and by the support furnished through the pipe mas the same passes through the devices going to make up the burner andthrough the head it; but we have shown in Fig. 6 and prefer to employlugs 23, formed as parts of the standards a, and screws 24, passingthrough these lugs and bearing against opposite sides of the case orvapor chamber a. These screws serve largely to prevent any lateralmotion of the case or vaporrchamber, as well as assisting in supportingthe same in position.

e claim as our invention 1. In a petroleum-burner, the combination witha base and integral standards formed therewith and a case orvapor-chamber and pipes for hydrocarbon vapor, of an integral castinghaving an open center adapted to fit upon and be supported by thestandards of the base, an auxiliary standard adapted to rest upon theintegral casting, a head carried thereby and over which the pipe forhydrocarbon fluid extends, and tie-bolts passing through the head,through the auxiliary standard and within the center of the integralcasting and connecting with the metal base, substantially as set forth.

2. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards formed therewith, and a case or vapor-chamber and pipes forhydrocarbon vapor, of an integral casting having an open center adaptedto fit upon and be supported by the standards of the base, an auxiliarystandard adapted to rest upon the integral casting, a head carriedthereby and over which the pipe for hydrocarbon fluid extends, tie-boltspassing through the head, through the auxiliary standard and within thecenter of the integral casting and connecting with the metal base, anddevices bon vapor and commingled air, and a place at which the same mayburn, substantially as set forth.

3. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, a case or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tubesection and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, substantially as set forth.

4:. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, acase or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor, of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tubesection and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, and an inlet water-pipe extending through theuppermost offset flange and an exit water-pipe entering the bottom ofthe case between the lowermost flange and the inner rim and theuppermost rim perforated adjacent to the exit water-pipe whereby betweensaid flanges and rims receptacles or channels are formed for wateradmitted into said casting and for the overflow thereof, substantiallyas set forth.

5. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, a case or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor, of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tube-section and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, and auxiliary standards at opposite points in thecenter of the burner with their lower ends resting upon the interiorflange of said integral casting, a head supported by said standards andover the upper end of which the hydrocarbon-vapor pipe extends, andtiebolts passing through said head, through the upper portions of saidauxiliary standards and down through the base for connecting the partstogether, substantially as set forth.

6. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, a case or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor,of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-centertube-section and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, and atapering annular body in two connected partsreceived within and resting upon said integral casting and surroundingthe tubesection thereof, a grid surrounding said tapering annular bodyand resting thereon, an annulus surrounding said grid and receivedwithin the uppermost flange of said integral casting and supported bysaid parts, whereby an open-center structure or chamber is formed,exteriorly closed or shut off and in which the hydrocarbon vapor andentering air may commingle and become heated before being burned.

7. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, acase or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor, of anintegral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tube-section and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, and a tapering annular body in two connected partsreceived within and resting upon said integral casting and surroundingthe tubesection thereof, a grid surrounding said tapering annular bodyand resting thereon, an annulus surrounding said grid and receivedwithin the uppermost flange of said integral casting and supported bysaid parts, whereby an open-center structure or chamber is formed,exteriorly closed or shut off and in which the hydrocarbon vapor andentering air may commingle and become heated before being burned, a gridf of bars or plates and a connecting-ring resting upon and supported bysaid annulus and an annulus g surrounding and resting upon said grid f,the openings between the bars or plates of the gridf' formingpassage-ways for the hydrocarbon vapor and commingled air to pass to beburned between the lower edge of the annulus g and the upper surface ofthe annulus beneath the same and in the center of the grid fand annulus9, substantially as set forth.

8. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, a case or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor, of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tubesection and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, a tapering annular body in two connected partsreceived within and resting upon said integral casting and surroundingthe tube-section thereof, a grid surrounding said tapering annular bodyand resting thereon, an annulus surrounding said grid and receivedwithin the uppermost flange of said integral casting and supported bysaid parts, whereby an open-center structure or chamber is formed,exteriorly closed or shut off and in which the hydrocarbon vapor andentering air may commingle and become heated before being burned, agridf of bars or plates and a connecting-ring resting upon and supported bythe upper annulus, an annulus g surrounding and resting upon the grid fand having in its upper edge a series of notches, and an annulus-cap hof concavo-convex form setting over the annulus g and the grid f,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integralstandards with reduced upper ends, acase or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor, of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tubesection and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered offset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, auxiliary standards at opposite points in thecenter of the burner with their lower ends resting upon the interiorflange of said integral casting, a head supported by said standards andover the upper end of which the hydrocarbon-vapor pipe extends,tie-bolts passing through said head, through the upper portions of saidauxiliary standards and down through the base for connecting the partstogether, and devices surrounding the auxiliary standards andhydrocarbon-vapor pipe, setting into and supported by the integralcasting structure and therewith forming a substantially closed chamberwith tortuous passage-ways in which the hydrocarbon vapor and enteringair are thoroughly commingled, heated and momentarily arrestedpositepoints in the center of the burner with their lower ends resting uponthe interior flange of said integral casting, a head supported by saidstandards and over the upper end of which the hydrocarbon-vapor pipeextends, tie-bolts passing through said head through the upper portionsof said auxiliary standards and down through the base for con- 'nectingthe parts together, devices supported by said associated parts and alsosurrounding the standards, the head and the hydrocarbon- 11. In apetroleum-burner, the combination with a base and integral standardswith reduced upper ends, a case or vapor-chamber and pipe forhydrocarbon fluid and vapor, of an integral casting adapted to sit uponand be supported by the standards of the base and which castingcomprises an open-center tubesection and interior flange, a bottomportion and lugs with recessed under surfaces, staggered oflset flangesforming the periphery of the integral casting and rims within the sameat different levels, auxiliary standards at opposite points in thecenter of the burner with their lower ends resting upon the interiorflange of said integral casting, a head supported by said standards andover the upper end of which the hydrocarbon-vapor pipe extends,tie-bolts passing through said head, through the upper portions of saidauxiliary standards and down through the base for connecting the partstogether, and devices surrounding the auxiliary standards andhydrocarbon- Vapor pipe, settinginto and supported by the integralcasting structure and therewith forming a substantially closed chamberwith tortuous passage-ways in which the hydrocarbon vapor and enteringair are thoroughly commingled, heated and momentarily arrested beforepassing out to be consumed, and devices supported by said combinedstructure and also surrounding the auxiliary standards, head andhydrocarbon-vapor pipe and providing lateral discharge-apertures for thecommingled hydrocarbon vapor and air to be burned, and also passages forair through the center and internally to commingle with said materialsto be burned to insure the most perfect combustion, substantially as setforth.

12. In a petroleum-burner, the combination with a base, a case orvapor-chamber therein, a pipe for vaporizing hydrocarbon fluid anddelivering the same to said chamber, and means for regulating andcontrolling the discharge of said vapor, of devices entering into theburner structure and arranged to provide a mixing tube-section toreceive the hydrocarbon vapor and entrained air, also to provide anannular water-chamber and tortuous passages in which the vapor from saidwater is mixed with air and delivered to the mixture from the mixingtube-section, substantially as set forth.

- 13. In apetroleum-burner, the combination of devices. for vaporizinghydrocarbon fluid, means for regulating and controlling the dischargethereof, devices of annular form providing a circumferential opening forthe entrance of air and tortuous passages for the progressivecirculation and heating thereof to be comn'lingled with the hydrocarbonvapor, and means providing for the entrance of water to be vaporized andcominingled with the air and hydrocarbon vapor, substantially asspecified.

14. In an apparatus for vaporizing hydrocarbon preparatory to burningthe same with an admixture of air, and in combination, a closed chamberfor the hydrocarbon and in which the same is vaporized, parts forming aheat zone for the combustion of the vapor obtained from said hydrocarbonwith air, parts forming a cooler zone above said heat zone, and a partforming a division between the same, parts forming a cooler zone belowthe heat zone and through which zone the air and vapor pass and aremixed, said closed chamber passing-up over and returning down throughthe respective zones within and between said parts for tempering theheat of said chamber so as to prevent carbonization of the hydrocarbon,and a delivery-burner below the lowermost cooler zone and with whichsaid closed chamber is connected.

Signed by us this 16th day of June, 1902.

T. B. FERGUSON, JR. EDGAR R. BRUSH.

WVitnesses:

GEO. T. PINCKNEY, S. T. HAVILAND.

